As Joe Varner often told his students, if you want to study biochemical processes unique to plants, your choices are photosynthesis and the cell wall. Since the publication in Plant Physiology on “the mechanism of cell wall formation” by Sponsler in 1929, over 1900 articles on cell wall biology have been published in Plant Physiology, and almost 500 more in the Plant Cell. This talk will feature key discoveries made by our members over the last century on the structure and biosynthesis of the cell wall.