in planta Particle Bombardment: A versatile genome editing technique for recalcitrant crop species and varieties

To address the limitations associated with cell culture and regeneration, the in planta particle bombardment (iPB) method was recently developed. This technique allows for genotype-independent genome editing in wheat. The iPB method employs shoot apical meristems (SAMs), which include subepidermal layer (L2) cells destined to develop into germ cells during floral development. Effective delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) into the SAM enables genome editing, which is heritable across generations. At present, approximately 10% of treated SAMs yield genome-edited lines. The iPB method has now been extended to a variety of crop species, including barley, maize, soybean, buckwheat, and melon.