3Hs

Refinement encompasses the lifetime experience of laboratory animals and improving welfare needs extends beyond specific procedures. The 3Hs: Housing, Handling and Habituation, is a framework developed to improve animal welfare. Considering the scientific needs associated with using animals for research, we suggest approaches which are compatible with current practices but can reduce distress and increase positive experiences. The 3Hs focuses on two core objectives. 1.Reducing the use of physical restraint through habituation to handling and refined methods for substance administration and, 2. Increasing the opportunities for animals to experience positive wellbeing through positive reinforcement and access to sensory enrichment.